Pope Francis praised the openness of the Chinese people and stated Russian culture must not be cancelled because of politics during a press conference on Monday where he railed on the dangers of imperialism and ideology.

The pope's comments were made while answering questions by journalists aboard the papal flight returning form Ulaanbaatar in Mongolia, where he paid homage to the small Catholic community in the majority Buddhist country. The four-day visit was sometimes overshadowed by the neighbouring country of China, which banned local bishops from travelling to the event.

"Relations with China are very respectful. I have a great admiration for the Chinese people. They are very open, so to speak," the pope said.

The Vatican recently renewed a provisional agreement with Beijing on the appointment of bishops, which has caused controversy among Catholics due to its secrecy and ambiguity. The United States and Europe have also urged the Vatican to take a firmer stand when negotiating deals with China. While Francis praised "the good work" done by the Sino-Vatican commission led by the Vatican Secretary of State Cardinal Pietro Parolin, China has often failed to respect the terms of the agreement and has recently imposed further restrictions on religious freedom in the country.

"We must go forward on the religious front so we can understand each other better," Francis said. "The Chinese citizens must not think that the church is not accepting of their culture and their values or that the church represents another foreign power."

During his trip to Mongolia, Pope Francis spoke to the Chinese people directly while addressing the current and former bishops of Hong Kong who were present. Small groups of Chinese Catholics clandestinely attended the papal events in Mongolia, given the unlikelihood of a pontiff ever sitting foot in China in their lifetime.

The pope praised Mongolia for its ability to negotiate relations with its larger and powerful neighbours, China and Russia, stating that while some imperialistic forces have often sought to dominate, the Mongolian people have chosen to dialogue instead.

In May, the pope appointed Italian Cardinal Matteo Zuppi, an experienced peacemaker from the ranks of the Catholic lay movement of St. Egidio, to lead a peace mission to Kyiv, the United States, China and Moscow. While the pope has been a vocal advocate for peace in Ukraine, he has stopped short of openly condemning the invasion by Russia or its leader Vladimir Putin in the hopes of keeping open mediation channels.

Recent comments to a group of Russian students, in which Francis cited Peter the Great and Catherine the Great as part of Russia's rich legacy, were interpreted by some as praising the country's imperialist past, forcing the Vatican to issue a retraction. Francis told reporters aboard the plane that his intent was to encourage the young Russians to "take charge of their heritage" but admitted his examples might not have been appropriate. His remarks on Great Russia were, he said, more in reference to the culture than the politics.

"Russian culture is so beautiful, so immensely profound and it must not be cancelled because of political issues," the pope said, citing the works of Dostoevsky. The transmission of culture "must never be imperial, never!"

"Always dialogue," he added.

Francis denounced "imperialism that wishes to impose its ideology," especially when it's "removed from the culture. That is the poison." This is true also for the church, he added, stating that "ideologies detach the church from its roots."

Tensions over ideology have been rampant in the Catholic Church, especially surrounding the Synod on Synodality, a summit of bishops and lay Catholics that will take place in the Vatican this October and is poised to address questions of power, inclusion and diversity in the church.

U.S. Papal critic Cardinal Burke recently wrote that the synod risks promoting division and even schism in the church and that it risks challenging church doctrine. "If you look deeper into the origin of these ideas you will find ideology," the pope said, when asked on the plane about blowback over the synod.

"Ideology always leads away from the communion with the church," the pope said, criticizing "doctrine with quotation marks that is like distilled water and has seen nothing. It's not true Catholic doctrine. Real catholic doctrine causes scandal."

The pope said that "there is no space for ideology in the synod," which is centered on prayer, dialogue and communion. Answering questions over whether discussions at the synod will be private, the pope said the meeting must preserve "a synodal environment." A commission led by the Prefect of the Vatican Communications Department, Paolo Ruffini, will Francis said, "be very respectful of everyone's interventions and won't have any gossip."

The pope also spoke about his update on the "green" encyclical, Laudato Si, which will be published on October 4, the feast day of his namesake St. Francis of Assisi. "It's an update of what has happened since the Paris Climate Agreement, the greatest success so far," the pope said, adding that the new document will be shorter and it will address some of the lingering issues concerning the environment.

Asked whether he intends to visit Vietnam, Pope Francis said he is open. "If not me, maybe it will be John XXVI!" he quipped, hinting at the possibility of his pontificate ending soon. The 86-year-old said that while he plans to visit Marseille in France for the Mediterranean talks later in September and to visit another country in Europe — possibly Kosovo — his health makes travel increasingly difficult.

"For me, travelling now is not as easy as it was in the beginning," he said.

© Religion News Service